James Wolfensohn

I don’t know whether to call it hypocritical or a crime or simply being blind, but the one thing I’m certain of is that the developed countries must open up their markets. It makes no logical sense to try and help developing countries develop their productive capacity and then deny them access to markets. It makes no sense to spend $300 billion a year on … [ Read more ]

The Rule of Three and Four

A stable competitive market never has more than three significant competitors, the largest of which has no more than four times the market share of the smallest.

Carlota Perez: The Thought Leader Interview

According to this influential long-wave theorist, the world is due for a technological and economic boom that truly lifts all boats. When? That’s up to us.

Trading Technology: Multinationals Lead the Way

The global spread of technology can improve nations’ productivity and growth. Oftentimes, multinational companies are the ones that trade or carry technology across borders. To better understand this phenomenon, Pedro Mendi has studied how Spanish multinationals transfer technology to their subsidiaries. His paper, “Contracting for the Transfer of Technology Within Multinational Corporations: Empirical Evidence From Spain,” sheds light on important considerations such as contracts, methods … [ Read more ]

Embracing the Strategic Tool That is Game Theory

The 2005 Nobel Prize for Economics went to two researchers who advanced the science of game theory. Defined as “optimal decision-making in the presence of others with different objectives,” game theory as a strategic tool is used in business as well as a required element for MBA students. Professors at Goizueta discuss the theory and explain why its applications in business are worth a second … [ Read more ]

John Kenneth Galbraith

The notion that the Federal Reserve and the movement in interest rates will motivate or demotivate the economy is one of the fantasies of economic life…It may have a little effect on the housing industry, but its larger economic effect is one of the great hoaxes and errors of the time. And it only shows how little the financial community has to think about, that … [ Read more ]

Below the Radar: Underground Markets for the Poor

For billions around the world, shadowy underground markets provide food, services, and income that makes daily life possible. Helping countries grow out of poverty requires changing the rules of the game to shift these markets above ground.

John Kenneth Galbraith

[Monetarism is an effective policy for stimulating the economy] only in the imagination of those who pretend to understand it. Otherwise it has an incredible record of non-performance. You can look back over your history with great diligence, back to 1913 when the Federal Reserve came into existence, and fail to find a single occasion when it was decisive in the behaviour of the economy. … [ Read more ]

John Kenneth Galbraith

The surest flow of expenditure to sustain the economy, wherever it is, is that of the middle-class and below. When it has money, it spends. And there’s no similar assurance on more income for the affluent – that may be saved or squirreled away… there’s no similar certainty of support to the economy. And the basic thrust of the corporate elite is to pay money … [ Read more ]

The Theory of Moral Sentiments

Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, first published in 1776, helped create the discipline of economics with its conjuring of the invisible hand, self-interest, and other explanations of market forces that have influenced academics, governments, and business leaders ever since. But insights from one of Smith’s earlier works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, can contribute to modern thinking on everything from our fascination with celebrity … [ Read more ]

Martin Cripps, Jeroen Swinkels

A demand and supply curve is a useful fiction, just a story we tell ourselves. It’s not how markets operate. Demand and supply only works when there are enough people in the market, and you need an awful lot of people. Finding out how many is a problem we’re trying to solve. Game theory has become the tool for understanding interactions in markets with a … [ Read more ]

Herbert Simon

The capacity of human mind for formulating and solving complex problems is very small compared to the size of the problems whose solution is required for objectively rational behavior in the real world – even for a reasonable approximation to such objective rationality.

Peter Cochrane

We are creating a society of just two classes. The first and larger class will spend incredible amounts of time to save money. The second will spend incredible amounts of money to save time.

Evan Esar

An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn’t happen today.

Charles Handy

I think capitalism will win out always because people are greedy. And capitalism is the best system for making more out of less. The question is what kind of capitalism and for whose benefit is it working. And I think that you could have a less rapacious form of capitalism that would subdue all of these other conflicts. I think it’s a great shame that … [ Read more ]

Carlota Perez

For each technological revolution to flourish, you need a lot of new investment in infrastructure. If you don’t have railroads, who can build locomotives? If you don’t have roads or electricity, how can you sell cars or refrigerators? But if you don’t have enough cars or refrigerators, you can’t justify the roads or power plants. The solution comes through asset inflation. As money flows into … [ Read more ]

Redefining Economic Downturns

There seems to be a repeating pattern in which businesses and investors are invariably caught, without warning, in economic downturns and the accompanying bear markets. In cycle after cycle, the abilities of the business and investment communities to perceive the downturn as it occurs are typically so belated that there is little capacity for avoiding its damaging effects.

Much of the problem seems to revolve around … [ Read more ]

Mapping the Global Capital Markets

In-depth analysis of the financial assets of more than 100 countries shows that financial markets are becoming deeper, more liquid, and increasingly integrated.

An Appropriate Ethical Model for Business and a Critique of Milton Friedman’s Thesis

The goals of this article are to propose a free-market model of business ethics for firms of all sizes and types (by describing a past attempt to promote such a standard), to comment on the history of regulation and on the emergence and teachings of the discipline of “business ethics,” and to argue that Friedman’s perspective on corporate responsibility as outlined in 1970 and his … [ Read more ]

After the Bubble Burst: A Groundbreaking Analysis

We are still seeking to understand the astonishing rise and then sharp fall of U.S. stock prices in 2000. The paper “U.S Public and Private Venture Capital Markets, 1998-2001,” describes what happened in a new light, by looking through the lens of underlying company financial fundamentals. The research reveals some important insights. For instance, contrary to popular belief, there was no single “bubble point” at … [ Read more ]