Jonathan Haidt

If you look at it as an individual, we are all so flawed, and we are all so bad at reasoning when our interests or our moral values are at stake. We are not going to get better at reasoning and change just by helping individuals to reason better. When you put us together into networks, systems, companies, juries and legislative bodies, we can correct … [ Read more ]

Arthur Schopenhauer

Everyone takes the limits of his own vision for the limits of the world.

Clayton Christensen

Questions are places in your mind where answers fit. If you haven’t asked the question, the answer has nowhere to go. It hits your mind and bounces right off.

Clayton Christensen

A good theory is really a fundamental statement of causality, and it ought to be as applicable to a business unit as it is to a nation, or vice versa.

William James

As a rule we disbelieve all the facts and theories for which we have no use.

Sylvia Nasar

That to me answers the question of why people embrace bad ideas or ideas that don’t work. It’s because we’re human beings, and we find narratives that are very powerful and appeal to our emotions.

John Baldoni

One of the most powerful words in the English language is why. When asked as an interrogatory, why has the power to change assumptions, preconceptions and mindsets. It has the power to initiate change as well as the power to affirm the right course. It is a word that should be used frequently but with great care. When used the proper way, it can be … [ Read more ]

John Jainschigg

People are terrible at abstracting from the general to the specific, but great at abstracting from the specific to the general.

Luc de Brabandere, Alan Iny

Thinking “outside the box” is neither as desirable nor as liberating as it sounds, because the space outside the box is infinite. Faced with limitless possibilities, the human mind feels adrift and tends to fall back into the familiarity of “the box.” People cannot help using mental models, frameworks, and theories—or, as we called them, boxes—to organize their thinking. Thus, a far more powerful approach … [ Read more ]

Michael E. Raynor

We must remember that theories claiming to be improvements because they explain what other theories failed to foresee are committing the worst kind of bait and switch, promising insight into the future when all they really have to offer is a prediction of the past.

Edward Teller

A fact is a simple statement that everyone believes. It is innocent, unless found guilty. A hypothesis is a novel suggestion that no one wants to believe. It is guilty, until found effective.

David K. Hurst

Great empires are not built by people who see two sides to every question.

Aristotle

It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.

Jim Stroup

We naturally develop patterns of thought and behavior over time. These are a sort of survival technique, enabling us to deal with what life has taught us can be classified and dealt with by recourse to routine approaches. As a result, our reservoirs of intellectual energy are freed from being drained by repetitive solutions to the same problems, and are available to be alert to … [ Read more ]

Lynda Gratton

Socrates established that while there is value in finding affirmation for existing assumptions and beliefs, the most useful learning occurs through falsification. Falsification requires the discipline of reason and hypothesis testing. What are the assumptions behind this proposal? What data or evidence would we need to prove those assumptions to be false? What do we believe to be true that is actually untrue? What do … [ Read more ]

Dee Hock

Words are only secondarily the means by which we communicate; they’re primarily the means by which we think.

Luc de Brabandere, Alan Iny

Models and concepts and frameworks are—to use another phrase—mental boxes within which we comprehend the real world. And ever since the 1960s, we have been taught to be creative by “thinking outside the box.”

The trouble is this: once you have mentally stepped outside the … [ Read more ]

Emile Chartier

Nothing is more dangerous than an idea when it is the only one you have.

Bruce Nixon

Westerners divide things into parts, often opposites, rather than seeing the whole. That has been the basis of scientific method and it has led to amazing discoveries. However for the complex problems we face today, I believe we need to see the whole interconnected system and diagnose the underlying issues. We seem to have difficulty seeing the whole system and tend to chop things up … [ Read more ]

Phil Rosenzweig

Over the years, I have found that most executives are smart and hardworking, and want to do the right thing. But they are terrible at critical thinking and analytical rigor — usually because they confuse the factors that lead to high performance with attributions based on that performance. They confuse drivers and results. We see this in everything from corporate culture to leadership to employee … [ Read more ]