Rethinking the MBA

David Garvin, Harvard Business School professor, explains why business education is at a crossroads. He is the coauthor of Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads.

What Really Motivates Workers

This essay appears in “The HBR List: Breakthrough Ideas for 2010,” which is compiled by this journal in collaboration with the World Economic Forum. The ten problems and the innovative solutions are discussed in each essay. This particular essay describes research demonstrating the importance of daily work progress, even incremental progress, for motivating workers. Additional research showed that managers underestimate the importance of facilitating progress … [ Read more ]

Donald Sull

Companies that execute on their strategies quickly and effectively tend to construct solid organizational hardware: information systems, corporate priorities, hydraulics, incentives, and so forth. But they also program in software—that is, the right culture, people, and leadership for execution. Indeed, the most agile organizations I have studied share a core set of values: achievement that recognizes and rewards employees for setting and achieving ambitious goals; … [ Read more ]

Donald Sull

Execution requires four distinct types of conversations: making sense of volatile situations; deciding what to do, not do, or stop doing; soliciting and monitoring commitments to deliver; and making corrections midcourse.

Roland T. Rust , Christine Moorman , and Gaurav Bhalla

Most companies use customer relationship management and other technologies to get a handle on customers, but no amount of technology can really improve the situation as long as companies are set up to market products rather than cultivate customers.

Robert H. Miles

Focus is not about doing more with less; it’s about doing more on less. Making choices about what not to do so that resources will go to the most important initiatives is not easy, but it must be done to release this brake on your firm’s transformation.

C.K. Prahalad

Be concerned about due process. People seek fairness—not favors. They want to be heard. They often don’t even mind if decisions don’t go their way as long as the process is fair and transparent.

C.K. Prahalad

Assume responsibility for outcomes as well as for the processes and people you work with. How you achieve results will shape the kind of person you become.

Jeffrey R. Immelt, Vijay Govindarajan, Chris Trimble

A successful reverse innovation effort can result in cannibalization of a company’s existing lines of business. that is certainly true, but it is not a justification for remaining inert. If a business can be destroyed, then it eventually will be destroyed. It is only a matter of whether you do it to yourself or a rival does it to you.

Peter L. Bernstein, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The great 19th-century philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel taught us that quantitative changes ultimately become qualitative changes. The more risk we take because we believe the environment is low-risk in character, the less the environment continues to be low-risk in character.

Peter L. Bernstein, Hyman Minsky

The economist Hyman Minsky has reminded us, “Each state nurtures forces that lead to its own destruction.” All of history testifies to the truth of this observation. Greater liquidity leads firms to borrow more than before. But higher levels of debt mean increasing vulnerability to adversity and negative shocks in an ever-changing world. For these reasons, as Minsky put it, stability leads inevitably to instability. … [ Read more ]

Jeffrey Pfeffer

Markets can and do allocate resources efficiently, of course. But only under appropriate conditions—when there is lots of competition and information, for instance, and when people can make individually rational choices. Many market-solutions-for-everything advocates seem to have overlooked the point that such conditions don’t always exist.

Joel M. Podolny

We tend to equate [lack of trust and distrust], but social scientists such as Sim B. Sitkin and Nancy L. Roth argue that there’s an important difference. A lack of trust results when your expectations about how a person should behave aren’t met. As Sitkin and Roth point out, laws and regulations help address those situations by acting as effective deterrents. In contrast, distrust arises … [ Read more ]

Joel M. Podolny

An occupation earns the right to be a profession only when some ideals, such as being an impartial counsel, doing no harm, or serving the greater good, are infused into the conduct of people in that occupation. In like vein, a school becomes a professional school only when it infuses those ideals into its graduates. A business school does that effectively when it forces its … [ Read more ]

J. Richard Hackman

I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary, a collective creation of previously unimagined quality or beauty. But don’t count on it. Research consistently shows that teams underperform, despite all the extra resources they have. That’s because problems with coordination and motivation typically chip away at the benefits of collaboration. And even … [ Read more ]

J. Richard Hackman

People generally think that teams that work together harmoniously are better and more productive than teams that don’t. But in a study we conducted on symphonies, we actually found that grumpy orchestras played together slightly better than orchestras in which all the musicians were really quite happy.

That’s because the cause-and-effect is the reverse of what most people believe: When we’re productive and we’ve done something … [ Read more ]

J. Richard Hackman

…the things that happen the first time a group meets strongly affect how the group operates throughout its entire life. Indeed, the first few minutes of the start of any social system are the most important because they establish not only where the group is going but also what the relationship will be between the team leader and the group, and what basic norms of … [ Read more ]

J. Richard Hackman

Many people act as if being a team player is the ultimate measure of one’s worth, which it clearly is not. There are many things individuals can do better on their own, and they should not be penalized for it. The challenge for a leader, then, is to find a balance between individual autonomy and collective action. Either extreme is bad, though we are generally … [ Read more ]

Does an MBA Make You a Better CEO?

Are CEOs with MBAs actually stronger leaders? The answer might depend on the age of the CEO.

Inspired by the raging debate last year over the role of MBAs in the financial crisis, we tried to analyze whether having an MBA influences overall CEO performance. In a large-scale study of CEO performance since they took office, we found that other things equal, MBA CEOs had a … [ Read more ]

Harnessing Social Pressure

Marketers are good at using peer influence to sell products, but few executives understand that it can motivate customers to help companies achieve other goals, such as saving money. Even fewer seem to be aware that the improper use of peer influence can elicit behaviors contrary to what was intended.